An alias for getOrDefault().

Param for suggested depth for treeAggregate (>= 2).

If threshold and thresholds are both set, ensures they are consistent.

Clears the user-supplied value for the input param.

Creates a copy of this instance with the same UID and some extra params. Subclasses should implement this method and set the return type properly. See defaultCopy().

Copies param values from this instance to another instance for params shared by them.

This handles default Params and explicitly set Params separately. Default Params are copied from and to defaultParamMap, and explicitly set Params are copied from and to paramMap. Warning: This implicitly assumes that this Params instance and the target instance share the same set of default Params.

Default implementation of copy with extra params. It tries to create a new instance with the same UID. Then it copies the embedded and extra parameters over and returns the new instance.

Param for the ElasticNet mixing parameter, in range [0, 1]. For alpha = 0, the penalty is an L2 penalty. For alpha = 1, it is an L1 penalty.

Explains a param.

Explains all params of this instance. See explainParam().

extractParamMap with no extra values.

Extracts the embedded default param values and user-supplied values, and then merges them with extra values from input into a flat param map, where the latter value is used if there exist conflicts, i.e., with ordering: default param values less than user-supplied values less than extra.

Param for the name of family which is a description of the label distribution to be used in the model. Supported options:

• "auto": Automatically select the family based on the number of classes: If numClasses == 1 || numClasses == 2, set to "binomial". Else, set to "multinomial"
• "binomial": Binary logistic regression with pivoting.
• "multinomial": Multinomial logistic (softmax) regression without pivoting. Default is "auto".

Param for features column name.

Fits a model to the input data.

Fits multiple models to the input data with multiple sets of parameters. The default implementation uses a for loop on each parameter map. Subclasses could override this to optimize multi-model training.

Fits a single model to the input data with provided parameter map.

Fits a single model to the input data with optional parameters.

Param for whether to fit an intercept term.

Optionally returns the user-supplied value of a param.

Gets the default value of a parameter.

Get the number of classes. This looks in column metadata first, and if that is missing, then this assumes classes are indexed 0,1,...,numClasses-1 and computes numClasses by finding the maximum label value.

Label validation (ensuring all labels are integers >= 0) needs to be handled elsewhere, such as in extractLabeledPoints().

Gets the value of a param in the embedded param map or its default value. Throws an exception if neither is set.

Gets a param by its name.

Get threshold for binary classification.

If thresholds is set with length 2 (i.e., binary classification), this returns the equivalent threshold:

1 / (1 + thresholds(0) / thresholds(1))

. Otherwise, returns threshold if set, or its default value if unset.

1 / (1 + thresholds(0) / thresholds(1)) }}} Otherwise, returns threshold if set, or its default value if unset.

Get thresholds for binary or multiclass classification.

If thresholds is set, return its value. Otherwise, if threshold is set, return the equivalent thresholds for binary classification: (1-threshold, threshold). If neither are set, throw an exception.

Tests whether the input param has a default value set.

Tests whether this instance contains a param with a given name.

Checks whether a param is explicitly set or has a default value.

Checks whether a param is explicitly set.

Param for label column name.

The lower bounds on coefficients if fitting under bound constrained optimization. The bound matrix must be compatible with the shape (1, number of features) for binomial regression, or (number of classes, number of features) for multinomial regression. Otherwise, it throws exception. Default is none.

The lower bounds on intercepts if fitting under bound constrained optimization. The bounds vector size must be equal to 1 for binomial regression, or the number of classes for multinomial regression. Otherwise, it throws exception. Default is none.

Param for Maximum memory in MB for stacking input data into blocks. Data is stacked within partitions. If more than remaining data size in a partition then it is adjusted to the data size. Default 0.0 represents choosing optimal value, depends on specific algorithm. Must be >= 0..

Param for maximum number of iterations (>= 0).

Returns all params sorted by their names. The default implementation uses Java reflection to list all public methods that have no arguments and return Param.

Param for prediction column name.

Param for Column name for predicted class conditional probabilities. Note: Not all models output well-calibrated probability estimates! These probabilities should be treated as confidences, not precise probabilities.

Param for raw prediction (a.k.a. confidence) column name.

Param for regularization parameter (>= 0).

Saves this ML instance to the input path, a shortcut of write.save(path).

Sets a parameter in the embedded param map.

Sets a parameter (by name) in the embedded param map.

Sets a parameter in the embedded param map.

Suggested depth for treeAggregate (greater than or equal to 2). If the dimensions of features or the number of partitions are large, this param could be adjusted to a larger size. Default is 2.

Sets default values for a list of params.

Note: Java developers should use the single-parameter setDefault. Annotating this with varargs can cause compilation failures due to a Scala compiler bug. See SPARK-9268.

Sets a default value for a param.

Set the ElasticNet mixing parameter. For alpha = 0, the penalty is an L2 penalty. For alpha = 1, it is an L1 penalty. For alpha in (0,1), the penalty is a combination of L1 and L2. Default is 0.0 which is an L2 penalty.

Note: Fitting under bound constrained optimization only supports L2 regularization, so throws exception if this param is non-zero value.

Sets the value of param family. Default is "auto".

Whether to fit an intercept term. Default is true.

Set the lower bounds on coefficients if fitting under bound constrained optimization.

Set the lower bounds on intercepts if fitting under bound constrained optimization.

Sets the value of param maxBlockSizeInMB. Default is 0.0, then 1.0 MB will be chosen.

Set the maximum number of iterations. Default is 100.

Set the regularization parameter. Default is 0.0.

Whether to standardize the training features before fitting the model. The coefficients of models will be always returned on the original scale, so it will be transparent for users. Note that with/without standardization, the models should be always converged to the same solution when no regularization is applied. In R's GLMNET package, the default behavior is true as well. Default is true.

Set threshold in binary classification, in range [0, 1].

If the estimated probability of class label 1 is greater than threshold, then predict 1, else 0. A high threshold encourages the model to predict 0 more often; a low threshold encourages the model to predict 1 more often.

Note: Calling this with threshold p is equivalent to calling setThresholds(Array(1-p, p)). When setThreshold() is called, any user-set value for thresholds will be cleared. If both threshold and thresholds are set in a ParamMap, then they must be equivalent.

Default is 0.5.

Set thresholds in multiclass (or binary) classification to adjust the probability of predicting each class. Array must have length equal to the number of classes, with values greater than 0, excepting that at most one value may be 0. The class with largest value p/t is predicted, where p is the original probability of that class and t is the class's threshold.

Note: When setThresholds() is called, any user-set value for threshold will be cleared. If both threshold and thresholds are set in a ParamMap, then they must be equivalent.

Set the convergence tolerance of iterations. Smaller value will lead to higher accuracy at the cost of more iterations. Default is 1E-6.

Set the upper bounds on coefficients if fitting under bound constrained optimization.

Set the upper bounds on intercepts if fitting under bound constrained optimization.

Sets the value of param weightCol. If this is not set or empty, we treat all instance weights as 1.0. Default is not set, so all instances have weight one.

Param for whether to standardize the training features before fitting the model.

Param for threshold in binary classification prediction, in range [0, 1].

Param for Thresholds in multi-class classification to adjust the probability of predicting each class. Array must have length equal to the number of classes, with values > 0 excepting that at most one value may be 0. The class with largest value p/t is predicted, where p is the original probability of that class and t is the class's threshold.

Param for the convergence tolerance for iterative algorithms (>= 0).

Train a model using the given dataset and parameters. Developers can implement this instead of fit() to avoid dealing with schema validation and copying parameters into the model.

Check transform validity and derive the output schema from the input schema.

We check validity for interactions between parameters during transformSchema and raise an exception if any parameter value is invalid. Parameter value checks which do not depend on other parameters are handled by Param.validate().

Typical implementation should first conduct verification on schema change and parameter validity, including complex parameter interaction checks.

:: DeveloperApi ::

Derives the output schema from the input schema and parameters, optionally with logging.

This should be optimistic. If it is unclear whether the schema will be valid, then it should be assumed valid until proven otherwise.

An immutable unique ID for the object and its derivatives.

The upper bounds on coefficients if fitting under bound constrained optimization. The bound matrix must be compatible with the shape (1, number of features) for binomial regression, or (number of classes, number of features) for multinomial regression. Otherwise, it throws exception. Default is none.

The upper bounds on intercepts if fitting under bound constrained optimization. The bound vector size must be equal to 1 for binomial regression, or the number of classes for multinomial regression. Otherwise, it throws exception. Default is none.

Validates and transforms the input schema with the provided param map.

Param for weight column name. If this is not set or empty, we treat all instance weights as 1.0.

Returns an MLWriter instance for this ML instance.